ATP is the primary energy currency in cells, providing energy for cellular processes.

Enzymes serve as catalysts, accelerating chemical reactions in biological systems.

Ribosomes are the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis.

The basic structural unit of DNA is the nucleotide.

Transcription is the process of converting genetic information from DNA into RNA.

Proteins are composed of amino acid monomers and are essential for structure and function in living organisms.

The primary function of mitochondria is ATP production through cellular respiration.

Anaerobic glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP in the absence of oxygen.

Hemoglobin in red blood cells primarily functions in transporting oxygen.

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

In glycolysis, glucose is converted into pyruvate.

DNA polymerase synthesizes a new strand of DNA during replication.

Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen in connective tissues.

The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria.

Carbohydrates are a major source of long-term energy in living organisms.

The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins for secretion.

In RNA, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U).

Phospholipids are important components of cell membranes with a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.

DNA helicase unwinds the DNA double helix during replication.

The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids that determines its specific structure and function.

Enzymes, antibodies, and hormones belong to the class of biomolecules called proteins.

RNA interference (RNAi) regulates gene expression in cells.

Translation involves the transfer of genetic information from mRNA to a polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.

Glycine is often referred to as the "building block of proteins."

The endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes and modifies proteins in eukaryotic cells.

A peptide bond is formed between amino acids in a polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.

The pentose phosphate pathway produces NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate in cellular metabolism.

mRNA carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis.

Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids belong to the class of biomolecules called lipids.

Fermentation is the process by which cells break down molecules to release energy in the absence of oxygen.

A codon is a specific sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a particular amino acid.

NAD acts as a carrier of electrons during cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

The breakdown of fatty acids to generate acetyl-CoA is known as beta-oxidation.

tRNA is involved in the assembly of amino acids into polypeptide chains during protein synthesis.

In glycolysis, glucose is converted into pyruvate.

RNA polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of RNA using a DNA template during transcription.

Insulin's primary function is to regulate blood glucose levels in the human body.

Coenzyme Q10 serves as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration.

Lysine is often considered the "limiting amino acid" in protein synthesis.

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose is known as glycogenolysis.

Ribonuclease functions to break down RNA molecules into nucleotides.

Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of blood clotting factors and bone metabolism.

Photosynthesis is the process by which cells convert light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose.

Chitin is a carbohydrate and a structural component in the exoskeleton of arthropods.

Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose in the liver, increasing blood sugar levels.

DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

Kinases are enzymes that facilitate the addition of phosphate groups to molecules during cellular processes.

Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down glucose to produce ATP in the presence of oxygen.

Lipoproteins function to transport fats in the bloodstream.

In DNA, guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C).

Transcription involves the synthesis of RNA using a DNA template.

The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria.

Valine is an essential amino acid that must be obtained from the diet.

DNA's primary function is to store genetic information in cells.

Thyroxine is released by the thyroid gland and regulates metabolic rate and energy balance.

ATP synthase synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate during cellular respiration.

rRNA is involved in the formation of ribosomal subunits and plays a role in protein synthesis.

Translation is the process by which mRNA is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.

Glycolysis involves the conversion of glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH.

Chaperone proteins assist in the folding of newly synthesized proteins in cells.