Newton is the unit of force.

Newton's First Law is also known as the Law of Inertia.

Potential energy is stored energy based on position or condition.

In a closed system, the total energy remains constant.

Friction acts opposite to the direction of motion or the tendency of motion.

The standard value for the acceleration due to gravity on Earth is approximately 9.8 m/s².

The law of conservation of charge states that electric charge cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred.

Power is measured in watts.

Magnetic force does not require physical contact between objects.

Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Coulomb is the unit of electric charge.

Acceleration has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity.

Boyle's Law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature.

Convex lenses converge light rays and are thicker in the center.

Sound travels fastest in solids due to the closer arrangement of particles.

The ozone layer absorbs most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Ohm's Law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it.

Gravitational force acts between all objects with mass.

According to the law of reflection, the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.

In a first-class lever, the fulcrum is located between the effort force and the resistance force.

The standard value for the acceleration due to gravity on Earth is approximately 9.8 m/s².

The law of conservation of charge states that electric charge cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred.

Power is measured in watts.

Magnetic force does not require physical contact between objects.

Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Weber is the unit of magnetic flux.

In the absence of external forces, the total momentum of a system is conserved.

Blue light is refracted more than red light due to its shorter wavelength.

The kidneys filter waste products from the blood and regulate fluid balance.

The First Law of Thermodynamics is also known as the Law of Conservation of Energy.

Work done is calculated as the product of force and displacement.

The critical angle is the minimum angle for total internal reflection to occur.

Newton's Second Law relates force, mass, and acceleration.

The volt is the unit of electric potential difference.

Electrons carry a negative charge in an atom.

This equation represents the relationship between frequency, wavelength, and the speed of light (c).

The Second Law of Thermodynamics describes the direction of heat flow.

AC refers to the flow of electric charge that periodically reverses direction.

Drag force acts opposite to the motion of an object through a fluid.

Newton's Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Refraction is the bending of a wave as it enters a medium with a different speed.

Mass is the measure of the amount of matter in an object.

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.

Newton's Third Law describes the action-reaction pairs in force interactions.

DC refers to the flow of electric charge in one direction.

Ohm is the unit of electrical resistance.

The Third Law of Thermodynamics pertains to absolute zero and entropy.

A magnifying glass uses refraction to converge light rays and produce a magnified image.

Electrons carry electric current in metal conductors.

Newton's Second Law relates mass, force, and acceleration.

The center of gravity is the point where the entire mass can be concentrated.

Potential energy is associated with an object's position in a force field, such as gravity.

The pascal is the SI unit of pressure.

The focal point is where parallel light rays converge or appear to diverge.

Newton's First Law is also known as the Law of Inertia.

Sublimation is the phase transition from solid to gas without passing through the liquid phase.

The First Law of Thermodynamics relates heat, work, and internal energy.

Resonance occurs when a system is driven at its natural frequency, resulting in increased amplitude.

Friction is a non-conservative force that opposes motion and dissipates energy.

The joule is the SI unit of both work and energy.

The chemical symbol for gold is Au.

Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust.

Water is represented by the chemical formula H2O.

The noble gases are found in Group 18 of the periodic table.

Methane is represented by the chemical formula CH4.

Sublimation is the process where a solid transforms directly into a gas.

Carbon dioxide contributes to the greenhouse effect.

Sulfuric acid is represented by the chemical formula H2SO4.

The balanced equation is 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O.

Helium is a noble gas.

The chemical symbol for iron is Fe.

Synthesis reactions involve the formation of a new substance from two or more reactants.

Complete combustion of hydrocarbons produces water and carbon dioxide.

Chlorine is a halogen.

Glucose is represented by the chemical formula C6H12O6.

The chemical symbol for sodium is Na.

Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis.

H2O2 is commonly known as hydrogen peroxide.

Saltwater is a homogeneous mixture.

The chemical symbol for potassium is K.

Coefficients in a chemical equation represent the number of molecules involved.

Carbon is a key element in organic compounds.

Ammonia is represented by the chemical formula NH3.

Deposition is the process where a gas transforms directly into a solid.

Hydrogen sulfide is responsible for the smell of rotten eggs.

The chemical symbol for silver is Ag.

Reactants are the substances on the left side of the arrow in a chemical reaction.

The combustion of methane involves a redox reaction.

The chemical symbol for chlorine is Cl.

Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid.

Table salt is represented by the chemical formula NaCl.

Methane is the primary component of natural gas.

Carbon dioxide is represented by the chemical formula CO2.

A double displacement reaction involves the exchange of ions between two compounds, leading to the formation of a precipitate.

Hydrogen sulfide is represented by the chemical formula H2S.

The chemical symbol for copper is Cu.

Helium is a noble gas.

Sulfur dioxide is represented by the chemical formula SO2.

Metals are generally good conductors of electricity.

Glucose is represented by the chemical formula C6H12O6.

Nitrogen is the most abundant element in the Earth's atmosphere.

Condensation is the process of converting a gas to a liquid.

Oxygen exists as a diatomic molecule, O2.

Hydrochloric acid is represented by the chemical formula HCl.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.

Sodium bicarbonate is commonly known as baking soda.

Acids turn blue litmus paper red.

The chemical symbol for phosphorus is P.

Condensation is the process of changing from a gas to a liquid.

Sodium hydroxide is represented by the chemical formula NaOH.

Sodium hydroxide is a strong base.

The chemical symbol for helium is He.

Alkali metals are found in Group 1 of the periodic table.

Methane is represented by the chemical formula CH4.

Carbon dioxide is commonly used for carbonation in beverages.

Sucrose, common table sugar, is represented by the chemical formula C12H22O11.

Bases turn red litmus paper blue.

The chemical symbol for lead is Pb.

Acetic acid is represented by the chemical formula CH3COOH.

Ozone is formed from oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere.

Silver nitrate is represented by the chemical formula AgNO3.

Alkaline earth metals are found in Period 2 of the periodic table.

Italian Salad Dressing is an example of a heterogeneous mixture.

Hydrogen peroxide is represented by the chemical formula H2O2.

Combustion reactions involve the burning of a substance.

Nitric acid is represented by the chemical formula HNO3.

Carbon is present in all organic compounds.

The chemical symbol for mercury is Hg.

Iron is an example of a transition metal.

Sulfuric acid is represented by the chemical formula H2SO4.

Polyethylene is an example of a polymer.

The chemical symbol for bromine is Br.

The reaction between an acid and a base produces salt and water.

Calcium carbonate is represented by the chemical formula CaCO3.

Chlorofluorocarbons are commonly used for refrigeration.

Sucrose, table sugar, is represented by the chemical formula C12H22O11.

Metals are malleable and ductile.

The chemical symbol for iodine is I.

The burning of wood is an example of a combustion reaction.

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for energy production.

The nucleus controls cellular activities and contains genetic material.

Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis.

The cell membrane regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell.

Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells.

Lysosomes contain enzymes and are involved in waste breakdown.

The synapse is the junction between two neurons, allowing communication.

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Red blood cells transport oxygen in the blood.

The small intestine is where nutrient absorption primarily occurs.

The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gases, mainly oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The pancreas produces insulin and regulates blood sugar levels.

The skeletal system provides support and protection for organs.

The skin is the largest organ of the human body.

The Golgi Apparatus is responsible for packaging and secreting cellular products.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in detoxification and lipid synthesis.

The elbow joint is an example of a hinge joint.

The skeletal system is not involved in nutrient absorption.

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell.

Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.

The pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

White blood cells play a crucial role in the immune system, fighting infections.

The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating muscle movements and balance.

The endocrine system regulates hormones and metabolic processes.

The liver is involved in detoxifying harmful substances.

The circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.

The kidneys filter and remove waste products from the blood.

The ovaries produce eggs in females.

DNA controls cell division and carries genetic information.

Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose to produce energy in the absence of oxygen.

Blood type O is considered the universal donor as it lacks A and B antigens.

The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine.

The respiratory system facilitates the exchange of gases, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The medulla oblongata controls basic bodily functions like breathing and heartbeat.

The immune system's primary function is to defend against infections and pathogens.

Insulin regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating glucose uptake by cells.

The lymphatic system plays a key role in immune defense by producing and transporting lymphocytes.

The heart is not a part of the nervous system; it is part of the circulatory system.

The endoskeleton provides support and protection for the body in vertebrates.

The pancreas produces insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.

The epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.

Red bone marrow is responsible for the production of red blood cells.

The lens of the eye focuses light onto the retina for visual perception.

The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver until it is needed for digestion.

Mucus-producing cells help trap and remove particles, preventing them from entering the lungs.

Mechanical digestion begins in the mouth through chewing and grinding of food.

The circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to cells throughout the body.

The liver plays a crucial role in detoxifying harmful substances in the blood.

Cilia help trap and move particles, assisting in the removal of foreign substances from the respiratory tract.

Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tubes.

The thymus gland plays a role in the maturation of T cells, a type of white blood cell.

Thyroxine, produced by the thyroid gland, regulates metabolism.

The Eustachian tube helps equalize air pressure between the middle ear and the external environment.

Neurotransmitters transmit signals between nerve cells in the nervous system.

Lymph nodes filter and purify lymph, removing pathogens and waste products.

The adrenal glands produce adrenaline, which prepares the body for the "fight or flight" response.

The retina contains light-sensitive cells called photoreceptors, essential for vision.

The spleen filters blood and removes damaged or old blood cells from circulation.

The testes are responsible for producing sperm in males.

The pituitary gland regulates and controls the functions of other endocrine glands in the body.

The integumentary system provides a physical barrier against pathogens and infections.

The bronchi filter air and transport it to the lungs.

The stomach primarily performs chemical digestion of proteins through the action of gastric juices.

The cerebellum coordinates voluntary muscle movements and balance.

The ciliary muscle adjusts the shape of the lens to facilitate focusing on near or distant objects.

The myelin sheath provides insulation for nerve fibers, allowing faster transmission of nerve signals.

Testosterone is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males.

The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver until it is needed for digestion.

The epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.

Nephrons are responsible for filtering blood and producing urine in the kidneys.

The inner ear, specifically the cochlea, detects sound vibrations and transmits them to the brain.

The immune system defends the body against pathogens and foreign invaders.

The hypothalamus plays a role in regulating body temperature.

Mucus in the digestive system helps lubricate and protect the walls of the digestive tract.

Solar radiation from the Sun is the primary source of energy for the Earth's climate system.

The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that contributes to Earth's greenhouse effect.

Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks into smaller particles.

Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of molten magma.

The collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates forms the Himalayan Mountains at a convergent plate boundary.

Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates.

The inner core, composed of iron and nickel, generates Earth's magnetic field.

Condensation is the process of water vapor changing to liquid water.

Wind is the main driver of surface ocean currents.

The mesosphere is where meteors burn up upon entry into the Earth's atmosphere.

Transpiration is the release of water vapor from plants into the atmosphere.

Cumulonimbus clouds are associated with thunderstorms and severe weather.

Solar radiation is the primary source of energy for weather systems and atmospheric circulation.

Infiltration is the process by which water soaks into the ground and becomes groundwater.

Precipitation is the process by which water returns to the Earth's surface from the atmosphere.

The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, which absorbs harmful UV radiation.

Transform boundaries involve the sliding or rubbing motion between two tectonic plates.

Methane is a greenhouse gas more potent than carbon dioxide but less abundant.

Lithification is the process by which sediments are compacted and cemented to form sedimentary rocks.

An earthquake is a sudden and violent shaking of the ground caused by tectonic plate movement.

Transpiration is the release of water vapor from the surface of leaves into the atmosphere.

Soil is the layer of loose, unconsolidated material covering the Earth's surface.

Petroleum is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms.

Folded mountains are formed by the folding and uplift of rock layers along plate boundaries.

Metamorphism is the process by which rocks change form or structure due to heat, pressure, or mineral composition changes.

A crater is a bowl-shaped depression in the Earth's surface often caused by the impact of a meteorite.

The mantle's convection currents drive plate tectonics.

Evaporation is the process by which water from the surface enters the atmosphere as water vapor.

Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere.

Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller particles.

Shield volcanoes have gentle slopes and non-explosive eruptions with basaltic lava flows.

Tsunamis are large oceanic waves caused by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.

The troposphere contains the ozone layer and is where most weather phenomena occur.

Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.

While water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide is often considered the primary anthropogenic contributor.

Sulfur is a major component of Earth's core along with iron and nickel.

Deposition is the process by which rocks are transported and deposited by various agents.

The thermosphere contains the ionosphere and is where auroras occur.

A caldera is a large, circular depression formed by the collapse of an underground cave or magma chamber.

Abrasion is the process where waves cut into rock, forming a notch along the shoreline.

Sublimation is the process by which ice changes directly into water vapor without melting.

The thermosphere experiences high temperatures due to the absorption of solar radiation.

Convection is the movement of air from areas of high pressure to low pressure, creating wind.

Cirrus clouds are thin and wispy, found at high altitudes and composed of ice crystals.

Dissolution is the process by which rocks are dissolved by acidic water.

Condensation is the process by which water droplets form on surfaces due to temperature changes.

Deposition is the process by which sediment is dropped or laid down by natural forces.

Deforestation contributes to increased greenhouse gases, intensifying the greenhouse effect.

Fossilization is the process by which sedimentary rocks form from the remains of plants and animals.

Moraine deposition is the process by which a glacier melts and releases sediments, shaping the landscape.

Salinity is a measure of the total amount of dissolved salts in water.

Ocean currents refer to the circular movement of water driven by various factors.

Metamorphic rocks are formed from the alteration of existing rock without melting.

An air mass is a large body of air with relatively uniform temperature and humidity.

The thermosphere is where auroras occur due to the interaction of charged particles with Earth's magnetic field.

An ice sheet is a large, dome-shaped mass of ice that flows outward in all directions, typically found in polar regions.

A canyon is a landform formed by the erosion of sedimentary rock layers, creating steep cliffs and valleys.

Weathering is the process by which rocks are physically broken into smaller pieces without changing their composition.

Stratigraphy involves comparing rock layers to determine their relative ages in geology.

The epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's origin.

Cumulonimbus clouds are associated with thunderstorms, featuring a dark, towering structure.

Erosion is the process by which a river wears away the land and carries sediment downstream.

The stratosphere is characterized by decreasing temperature with altitude and contains the ozone layer.

A channel is a long, narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water.

Frost action involves the expansion and contraction of rocks due to temperature changes, breaking rock into smaller fragments.

The abyssopelagic zone is the oceanic zone where light cannot penetrate, and temperatures are low with high pressure.

Wind erosion involves the lifting and transportation of small, loose particles by the wind.

Deposition is the process by which a river deposits sediment as it loses energy, often forming a fan-shaped landform.

Basalt is an igneous rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava on the Earth's surface.

Proxima Centauri is the closest known star to Earth.

Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system.

Copernicus proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system.

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, casting a shadow on Earth.

Our solar system is part of the Milky Way galaxy.

Mars is often referred to as the "Red Planet" due to its reddish appearance.

Nuclear fusion is the process by which a star converts hydrogen into helium, releasing energy.

Retrograde motion is when a planet appears to move backward in the sky relative to the stars.

Titan is the largest moon of Saturn, known for its thick atmosphere and orange color.

A supernova is a massive explosion marking the end of a large star's life.

Apollo 11 successfully landed the first humans on the Moon in 1969.

Io is the largest moon of Jupiter, known for its intense geologic activity and volcanic features.

The event horizon is the point around a black hole where escape is impossible.

Halley's Comet has a period of about 76 years and was last seen in 1986.

Betelgeuse is the bright, reddish star located in the constellation Orion.

Jupiter has the shortest day among the planets in our solar system.

Rayleigh scattering is the phenomenon that causes the sky to appear blue.

The Hubble Space Telescope has provided valuable data and stunning images since its launch in 1990.

Andromeda is the closest galaxy to the Milky Way and part of the Local Group.

A pulsar is a rapidly rotating neutron star that emits beams of radiation, observed as periodic pulses.

Syzygy is the alignment of three celestial bodies in a straight line.

Spiral galaxies have a flattened disk structure with spiral arms and a central bulge.

Perihelion is the point in a planet's orbit where it is closest to the Sun.

The Kuiper Belt is a region beyond Neptune populated by small icy bodies.

A constellation is a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern.

Saturn is known for its prominent and stunning ring system.

The Big Bang theory explains the origin of the universe, proposing an initial singularity followed by rapid expansion.

Europa is known for its smooth, icy surface with cracks and fractures.

The Hill sphere is the region in space where a celestial body's gravitational influence is dominant.

Uranus rotates on its axis nearly perpendicular to its orbital plane, causing extreme seasons.

The rover "Perseverance" was part of the Curiosity mission that landed on Mars in 2021.

Polaris, also known as the North Star, is used in navigation for its proximity to the celestial north pole.

Occultation is the phenomenon where a celestial body passes in front of another, blocking its light.

Enceladus is known for its geysers of water vapor erupting from its icy surface.

The corona is the outermost layer of a star's atmosphere, visible during a total solar eclipse.

Venus is often referred to as the "Evening Star" or the "Morning Star."

A red giant is a star that has exhausted its nuclear fuel, expanded, and then contracted.

Triton is the coldest known object in our solar system, a moon of Neptune.

A nebula is a massive cloud of gas and dust from which stars and planets form.

The Mars Phoenix mission discovered the first evidence of liquid water on Mars.

The event horizon is the theoretical boundary around a black hole beyond which nothing can escape.

The Kepler Space Telescope was designed to search for exoplanets using the transit method.

Irregular galaxies lack a distinct shape and contain a mix of old and young stars.

Methane in the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune gives these planets their blue-green color.

Aphelion is the point in a planet's orbit where it is farthest from the Sun.

Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky, located in the constellation Canis Major.

The Chang'e mission successfully landed the rover "Zhurong" on Mars in 2021.

Io is the most volcanically active moon in our solar system, with plumes of water vapor and icy particles.

A star cluster is a group of stars bound together by gravity.

The James Webb Space Telescope is designed to observe the universe in infrared wavelengths.

The magnetosphere is the region around a planet where its magnetic field influences charged particles.

Iapetus is known for its two-tone appearance with a reddish and a bright white hemisphere.

The Chang'e mission successfully landed the rover "Zhurong" on Mars in 2021.

A protoplanetary disk is a region in space where small objects collect, potentially forming a planet.

Ganymede is the largest moon in our solar system, even larger than the planet Mercury.

Gravitational lensing is the phenomenon where light is bent by the gravitational field of a massive object.

The Orion constellation contains the Orion Nebula, a region of intense star formation.

Perihelion is the point in a planet's orbit where it is closest to the Sun.

Titania is a moon of Uranus named after a character from Shakespeare's play.

The rover "Perseverance" was part of the Curiosity mission