The SI unit of energy is:

What is the term for an atom with the same number of electrons but a different number of protons?

Which technique measures the rate of a chemical reaction by monitoring changes in absorbance or fluorescence over time?

What is the common name for sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)?

The process of heat transfer through direct contact between particles of matter is called:

Which orbital shape is characteristic of the d sublevel?

The Joule-Thomson effect describes the change in temperature of a gas during:

Which law of thermodynamics states that as a system approaches absolute zero, the entropy approaches a minimum constant value?

Which class of biomolecules includes enzymes, antibodies, and hormones?

Which quantum number describes the shape of an orbital?