The mathematical representation of the relationship between pressure (P), volume (V), and temperature (T) in an ideal gas, known as Boyle's law, is given by:

The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between calcium oxide (CaO) and water (H₂O) is:

The bond angle in a molecule with a bent shape is typically less than:

What is the term for a bond formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions in a crystal lattice?

Which element has the electron configuration 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹?

The Carnot efficiency of a heat engine operating between two temperatures (T₁ and T₂) is given by:

What is the equation for calculating the heat of reaction (ΔHrxn) using bond energies?

The triple point of water is defined at:

The equation for calculating the heat transferred during a phase transition with no change in temperature is: