question What term is used to describe the process by which individuals or groups are excluded from various social economic and political opportunities

Sociology

What term is used to describe the process by which individuals or groups are excluded from various social, economic, and political opportunities?

A. Marginalization
B. Discrimination
C. Prejudice
D. Stereotyping

Marginalization refers to the process of individuals or groups being excluded from various social, economic, and political opportunities.

Who developed the concept of "reference group," describing a group individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their behavior?

A. Erving Goffman
B. Charles Horton Cooley
C. George Herbert Mead
D. Robert K. Merton

What term is used to describe a set of expectations regarding the behavior and roles of an individual in society?

A. Role set
B. Role strain
C. Role conflict
D. Role expectation

Which sociological perspective emphasizes the ways in which individuals and groups contribute to the maintenance of social order?

A. Functionalism
B. Conflict theory
C. Symbolic interactionism
D. Feminist theory

In sociology, what does the term "glass ceiling" refer to?

A. Invisible barriers preventing women's advancement
B. Discrimination in hiring practices
C. Gender wage gap
D. Lack of diversity in the workplace

What is the term for the unintended and unrecognized consequences of social institutions and structures?

A. Manifest functions
B. Latent functions
C. Dysfunctions
D. Dysfunctionality