question Which technique measures the absorption of X rays by atoms to determine the elemental composition of a sample

What is the smallest subatomic particle?

A. Electron
B. Proton
C. Neutron
D. Quark

Which analytical technique is suitable for identifying and quantifying volatile organic compounds in environmental samples?

A. Headspace gas chromatography
B. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
C. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
D. Nuclear magnetic resonance

The equation for calculating the standard enthalpy change (ΔH°) in a reaction is given by:

A. ΔH° = Σ (bond energies formed) - Σ (bond energies broken)
B. ΔH° = Σ (bond energies broken) - Σ (bond energies formed)
C. ΔH° = Σ (bond energies broken) * Σ (bond energies formed)
D. ΔH° = Σ (bond energies broken) / Σ (bond energies formed)

What is the pH range of neutral solutions?

A. 7
B. 0 to 6
C. 8 to 14
D. 1 to 7

What is the standard state condition for thermodynamic calculations?

A. 1 atm pressure and 0°C
B. 1 atm pressure and 25°C
C. 0 atm pressure and 0 K
D. 0 atm pressure and 100°C

The process by which cells convert light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose, is known as:

A. Photosynthesis
B. Glycolysis
C. Fermentation
D. Cellular respiration

The relationship between entropy change (ΔS), heat transfer (Q), and temperature (T) is given by:

A. ΔS = Q/T
B. ΔS = T/Q
C. ΔS = Q - T
D. ΔS = Q + T

The Clausius statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics is related to the:

A. Direction of heat transfer
B. Conservation of energy
C. Entropy increase
D. Temperature equilibrium

How many electrons can the s sublevel hold?

A. 2
B. 6
C. 8
D. 10

In thermodynamics, the term "adiabatic" refers to a process without:

A. Heat exchange
B. Pressure change
C. Volume change
D. Temperature change

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