question What is the term for the process by which an unstable nucleus spontaneously emits radiation

Which analytical method is commonly used for the detection and quantification of trace metals in environmental samples?

A. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
B. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
C. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
D. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

The equation for calculating the standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) in a reaction is given by:

A. ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°
B. ΔG° = ΔH° + TΔS°
C. ΔG° = ΔH°/T
D. ΔG° = -ΔH°/T

What is the common name for sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)?

A. Baking soda
B. Bleaching powder
C. Table salt
D. Borax

Which of the following is a heavy metal often associated with batteries?

A. Lead
B. Lithium
C. Lanthanum
D. Lutetium

The compound NH₄Cl is commonly known as:

A. Ammonium chloride
B. Ammonium nitrate
C. Ammonium sulfate
D. Ammonium carbonate

What is the term for a bond formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals?

A. Sigma
B. Pi
C. Delta
D. Theta

The octet rule states that atoms tend to:

A. Gain or lose electrons to achieve a full outer shell
B. Share electrons to achieve a half-filled outer shell
C. Share electrons to achieve a full outer shell
D. Lose electrons to achieve a half-filled outer shell

A process in which the system absorbs heat from its surroundings is classified as:

A. Endothermic
B. Exothermic
C. Adiabatic
D. Isothermal

What is the primary function of chaperone proteins in cells?

A. Assisting in the folding of newly synthesized proteins
B. Facilitating DNA replication
C. Breaking down damaged organelles
D. Storing genetic information

What does the term "quantitation limit" refer to in analytical chemistry?

A. The lowest concentration that can be reliably measured
B. The point of maximum absorbance in a spectrum
C. The concentration of a standard solution
D. The range of linear response for an instrument

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